K-Means Analysis of Indonesia’s 2025 Education Participation Disparities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36914/jrtk.v1.i1.23Keywords:
K-Means, Clustering, Pure Participation Rate, Education, IndonesiaAbstract
The Pure Participation Rate (PPR), also known in Indonesia as Angka Partisipasi Murni (APM), represents an important indicator for assessing the level of public participation in Indonesia’s education system across different educational stages. This study aims to classify the 38 provinces in Indonesia into clusters based on PPR values at three educational levels, namely elementary/equivalent, junior high/equivalent, and senior high/equivalent, by employing the K-Means clustering method. The dataset utilized in this research was obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) for the year 2025. The research process involved several stages, including data preprocessing, normalization through the StandardScaler technique, identification of the optimal number of clusters using the Elbow Method, and evaluation of clustering performance through the Silhouette Score, Davies-Bouldin Index, and Calinski-Harabasz Index. The findings indicate that the provinces in Indonesia are optimally categorized into two primary clusters. Cluster 0 comprises 32 provinces characterized by relatively high PPR values (Elementary: 96.53%, Junior High: 79.16%, Senior High 66.49%), whereas Cluster 1 consists of six provinces in the Papua region that demonstrate comparatively lower participation rates (Elementary: 78.35%, Junior High: 56.07%, Senior High: 40.31%). Furthermore, the clustering model achieved strong evaluation results, reflected by a Silhouette Score of 0.8463, a Davies-Bouldin Index of 0.2478, and a Calinski-Harabasz Index of 324.8115, indicating high cluster quality and separation. Overall, the outcomes of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for policymakers in designing more effective and targeted educational strategies tailored to regional characteristics across Indonesia.
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